Authors: K.W.Heyer and I.G.Thompson
Indian Refractories Congress 1994; Jamshedpur, India; February 14-16, 1994
Abstract
Over the last decade or so, the function of ladles has changed from simply being containers for the transfer of liquid steel from steelmaking furnace to ingot mould. Ladles now serve as the vessel in which final refining takes place to achieve the precise composition and temperature required for continuous casting of high quality semifinished steel. Steel-in-ladel times are now much longer than was the case in the past and steel is trapped hotter; hence, the materials used to line ladles must exhibit superior refractory properties. The importance of achieving scheduled casting sequences dictates that ladle lining campaign life be predictable and that the risk of premature failure of ladle refractories, which could lead to operating delays, be minimized.
