Authors: G.J.E Kramer, T. Gregor, M. Ghazi, C.D. Hebert
Proceedings - Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, Pgs: 697-710, 2003
Abstract
This paper describes the recent application of gasketed, precast concrete segmental lining design that has improved tunneling productivity and quality. The specific segment arrangement includes: six-piece ring with equal 60 degree gasketed segments, juxtaposed key and counter-key segments, trapezoidal and parallelogram shaped segments, inclined and skewed radial joints and plastic circumferential joint connectors. This allows rapid, but accurate ring erection, reducing mine cycle times. The design avoids cruciform joints, minimizes potential gasket damage and eliminates the need for separate left and right ring molds. The implementation on the Los Angeles ECIS and NEIS sewer projects is described.
